The pioneer in polyurethane polymers conducted by Otto Bayer and co-workers in 1937 in the laborato

A polyurethane (PUR and PU) is polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links. Polyurethane polymer formed by combining two functional monomers bi - or higher. One of the isocyanate group containing two or more functional and the other containing two or more hydroxyl groups. Monomers are also more complicated to use. Alcohol and isocyanate groups joined to form a urethane relationship:
R'NCO ROH + ROC (O) N (H) R '(R and R' are alkyl or aryl) combines process, sometimes called condensation, usually requires the presence diamond foam of a catalyst. Polyurethanes are used in the manufacture of flexible seating, high-resilience foam; rigid foam insulation panels; microcellular foam seals and gaskets; wheels and tires durable elastomer; automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds; high performance adhesives, surface coatings diamond foam and surface sealants; fiber synthetic (eg Spandex); carpet underlay, and hard - plastic parts (ie for electronic instruments). Polyurethane is also used for the manufacture of hose because it combines the best properties of both rubber and plastic. diamond foam
The pioneer in polyurethane polymers conducted by Otto Bayer and co-workers in 1937 in the laboratories of IG Farben in Leverkusen, Germany [1]. They acknowledge that the use polyaddition principle to produce polyurethanes from liquid DIISOCYANATES and liquid polyether or polyester diols seemed to indicate special opportunities, especially when compared with the existing plastic made by the polymerization of olefins, or by polycondensation. The new monomer combination diamond foam also circumvented existing patents obtained by Wallace Carothers on polyesters [2] first., Work focused on the production of fibers and flexible foams. With development constrained by World War II (when EFA is applied on a limited scale as aircraft coating [2]), it was not until 1952 that polyisocyanates became commercially available. Commercial production of flexible polyurethane foam began in 1954, based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and polyester polyols. The discovery of these foams (initially called imitation swiss cheese by the inventors [2]) was thanks to water accidentally introduced in the reaction mixture. diamond foam [Citation needed] These materials are also used to produce rigid foams, gum rubber, and elastomers. Linear fiber produced from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). The first commercially available polyether diamond foam polyol, poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol, was introduced diamond foam by DuPont in 1956 by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran. Polyalkylene glycol cheaper introduced by BASF and Dow Chemical in 1957. Polyether polyols offered technical and commercial advantages such as low cost, ease of handling, and better hydrolytic stability of polyester polyols and quickly replaced diamond foam them in the manufacture of polyurethane goods. Other PU pioneers were Union Carbide and Mobay, U.S. Monsanto / Bayer joint venture [2] In 1960 more than 45,000 metric diamond foam tons of flexible polyurethane foam produced .. As the decade progressed, the availability chlorofluoroalkane blowing diamond foam agents, inexpensive polyether polyols, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) indicates the development and use of polyurethane rigid foams as high performance insulation materials. Rigid foams based on polymeric diamond foam MDI (pMDI) offers better thermal stability and combustion characteristics than by TDI. In 1967, urethane modified diamond foam polyisocyanurate rigid foams were introduced, offering better thermal stability and flammability resistance compared to low-density insulation products. During the 1960s, automotive interior safety components such as instrument and door panels were produced by back-filling thermoplastic skins with semi-rigid foam. In 1969, Bayer exhibited an all plastic car in Düsseldorf, Germany. Part of it was produced using a new process called RIM, Reaction Injection Molding. RIM technology uses high pressure impingement of liquid reactive components followed by the rapid flow of the reaction mixture into the mold cavity. Large parts, such as automotive fascia and body panels, can be formed in this way. Polyurethane RIM evolved into a number of different products and processes. Using diamine chain extenders and trimerization technology gave poly (urethane urea), poly (urethane isocyanurate), and polyurea RIM. The addition of fillers, such as milled glass, diamond foam mica, and processed mineral fibers gave rise to reinforced RIM (RRIM), which provides improvement in flexural modulus (stiffness), a decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal stability. This technology enables the production of the first car-plastic body in the United States, Pontiac Fiero, in 1983. Further increases in modulus le